EXW 450 Quizzes Final Exam

Question 1

1 / 1 pts

If you had to choose a time of life, when an intervention could do the MOST good, it would be:

Middle childhood.

Very early life.

Adulthood.

Teenage years.

Older adults.

Question 2

1 / 1 pts

Measures of the well-being of a community include:

Morbidity

Infant mortality rate

Happiness levels

All of these.

Question 3

1 / 1 pts

If you were aiming to improve health outcomes for an entire community, which of these would be the most effective strategy to improve health for the biggest number of people?

Provide free medications for everyone.

Conduct a seminar teaching people how to prepare healthy food.

Tell people to exercise more.

Ensure housing and neighborhood features are safe and free from hazards.

This is an application question that addressed the root of health and illness. Although it is good if people exercise and eat healthy, they may be unable to if their housing or neighborhood do not permit. Furthermore, telling someone, or brief seminars have been ineffective at changing health-relevant behaviors long term. A better strategy is to provide a community with a safe, healthy, place in which to live, work, grow and age. Review Module One for more on the pervasive health influence of the social determinants of health.

Question 4

1 / 1 pts

The best way to improve health for the largest number of people is:

Improve the circumstances in a community or area.

Teach people to make better choices.

Criticize those who are sick or marginalized.

All of these.

IncorrectQuestion 5

0 / 1 pts

The argument that most differences in health between groups can be explained by differences in opportunity, capabilities or access to resources:

Socioeconomic status

Transthoeretical model

Health resource postulate

Materialist hypothesis

Question 6

1 / 1 pts

Health outcomes can be measured by:

Prevalence of an illness

Life expectancy

Years of disability-free life

All of these.

Question 7

1 / 1 pts

A set of ideas or concepts developed to explain something:

Social cohesion

Tacit acquiescence

None of these

Theory or model

Question 8

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is an example of significant social factors that influence health, i.e. the social determinants of health.

Biology

Genetics

Motivation

Neighborhood

Question 9

1 / 1 pts

Patterned differences in disease, disability and health outcomes due to unequal conditions and opportunity are defined as:

Health inequality.

Money and power inequity.

Socioeconomic status

Lifestyle.

Question 10

1 / 1 pts

Examples of resources that enhance quality of life and significantly influence health include all of the following EXCEPT:

Behavioral judgments and filch prevention techniques.

Environments free of life-threatening toxins.

Emergency services.

Access to education

The incorrect answer is a “non-answer” i.e. it has no meaning. Dedicating time to learning the material, as opposed to trying to “spot” the correct answer will help answer these questions correctly.

Question 11

1 / 1 pts

The social determinants of health emphasis is on population level health influencers such as:

Clean Air

All of these

Social Interactions

Housing

Critical thinking question that requires integration of material from the multiple sources, such as the course slides and the Healthy People 2020 website.

Question 12

1 / 1 pts

An underlying assumption of the social determinants of health is:

It is best to address illness after it becomes apparent.

Medical care drives health and well-being.

All of these.

Individual choices are the basis of health.

All people deserve the opportunity to be healthy.

Question 13

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is an example of a health disparity?

The ability of some ethnicities to excel at some sports.

All of these.

The prevalence of spicy food consumption seen among some ethnic groups.

A reduced life expectancy for one group when compared with another group.

Question 14

1 / 1 pts

Cultural factors, social networks, environmental factors and health systems are collectively known as:

The social determinants of health.

The community resuscitation model.

Social-methodical factors.

None of these.

Question 15

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements is accurate?

None of these are true.

Wealthy people and those who live in poverty have approximately the same life expectancy.

People who live in poverty are less likely to experience early illness or dealth.

As income decreases health improves.

Health improves as income increases.

Question 16

1 / 1 pts

Lower income, over time is associated with:

Decreased risk of chronic conditions such as heart disease, later in adulthood.

Appears to have no effect on adults once they reach the age of 21.

Higher odds of having a health condition limiting normal childhood activities.

Increased chances of developing appropriate emotional regulation.

Increases the odds of being a healthy adult.

Question 17

1 / 1 pts

The social gradient in health indicates that:

that risk of disease and death decreases at each step up the social ladder across society.

Disease rates are decreasing for those who are poor in the U.S.

None of these describe the social gradient.

Everyone in the middle class has about the same health outcome, as long as they make $50,000 a year or more.

The idea of the social gradient is the basic principle that those who are higher in the hierarchy of a society have fewer morbidity and mortality risks than those who are lower in the hierarchy at each step up the social ladder. There is no single “income” beyond which everyone has the same health outcomes and risk (unless it is those at the very top of a social hierarchy).

Question 18

1 / 1 pts

According to the six minute video from the CDC, ACE’s:

Are primarily the fault of parents.

Are a result of the context in which a group or family lives.

Guarantee reduced health by those who experience high ACE scores.

Are quite rare and not very influential.

Question 19

1 / 1 pts

Severe, prolonged and unpredictable stress during childhood:

Teaches children how to effectively cope with stress later in life.

Results in decreased cortisol levels and a resulting diminished chance of developing chronic disease.

Leads to over-development of the parts of the brain involved in complex thought.

Causes chronic over-activiation of the parts of the brain involved in the fear response.

Question 20

1 / 1 pts

When considering actions to take to improve opportunities to achieve health, for all children, all of the following are important components EXCEPT:

All of these are important actions to take to support the health of young children.

Support stable and positive adult relationships.

Eliminate ALL stressors for young children.

Ensure that stressors occur in a limited time-frame.

Question 21

1 / 1 pts

Working late, feeling tired and stressed which results in getting take-out for dinner and anxiety at home is an example of what phenomenon?

The butterfly effect.

The take-out theorem.

None of these.

Privileged extension occurrence.

Spillover often occurs as a result of job schedules, travel time, low pay, lack of job security, lack of control. Spillover tends to impact unwinding or the need for longer periods of recovery to reduce tension and stress by relaxation, social, or physical activities.

Jobs with high demand and low control have been found to reduce PA outside of work as a result of high fatigue and the need for longer periods of recovery. Higher PA is associated with greater job control (particularly control of time and schedule), relaxed or challenging work conditions, and home satisfaction. Spillover has been found to impact nutrition behaviors by increasing the likelihood of: using food to manage stress and fatigue, reducing the time and energy spent on obtaining and preparing food, reducing expectations about eating at home, and increasing the number of tradeoffs between food and other important family issues.

Question 22

1 / 1 pts

The term when one domain of life affects another area of life is known as:

Contagion consequence.

Collinear workstrain.

Areas of life do not affect each other. They are separate.

Spillover Effect.

Question 23

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements regarding social advantage and workforce is correct?

All of these statements are true.

Anyone who works hard enough can become wealthy, as evidenced by the equal number of minority groups represented in management positions.

Lower wage and lower status jobs are disproportionately filled by workers who come from a socially-disadvantaged background.

Lower-wage workers have the same health outcomes as their higher paid counterparts.

Question 24

1 / 1 pts

Lower wage workers have increased health risks due to:

Higher risk working conditions.

Strong social networks.

High levels of control.

Lower exposure to toxic substances.

Question 25

1 / 1 pts

In the USA, 40% of workers don’t have paid sick leave. Paid sick leave is an example of:

Work-related opportunities and resources.

Health inequities.

Workplace based health promotion programs.

Discriminatory policies.

All of the these are examples of sick leave.

Question 26

1 / 1 pts

Employment affects:

All of these.

Skill development.

Living conditions.

How leisure time is spent.

Question 27

1 / 1 pts

Workplace explanatory models:

Explain the effect of work on health.

Are adopted by an employer to explain job performance.

Clarify hiring strategies utilized by employers.

Model employee work habits over time.

Question 28

1 / 1 pts

Retirement income, occupation & income, educational attainment and household socioeconomic resources are all factors that influence:

Luddite Behavior Patterns.

Guardianship relativity.

Health outcomes.

None of these.

Question 29

1 / 1 pts

Known contributors to educational attainment include all of the following EXCEPT:

Policy.

Early childhood experiences.

All of these contribute to educational success.

Parental educational attainment.

Symbolic interaction inconsistency.

Question 30

1 / 1 pts

Infant mortality rates and children’s health are strongly linked to:

Regional health care units available and accessible.

Dominant parent employment strategies responsible for supporting others.

Less nutritious diets and regional policy evaluation.

All of these

Maternal education and family income.

Question 31

1 / 1 pts

The term for an area having poorly functioning public services, graffiti, and crime is:

Disordered neighbourhood

Dangerous ecology.

None of these.

Urban design.

Windshield tour.

Question 32

1 / 1 pts

One reason why the gradient in health is so steep is___________.

Wealthier individuals have fewer synthetic carpets and items containing flame retardants.

Poorer people use more cosmetics than richer ones.

Richer people are exposed to more mercury because they have more dental work.

Poorer people are exposed to more mold and mildew.

Question 33

1 / 1 pts

The built environment can influence mental health by:

preventing or providing exposure to environments that are restorative.

All of these.

influencing the degree to which residents experience a sense of control or sense of helplessness to enact change.

fostering or inhibiting social interactions.

Question 34

1 / 1 pts

Planning, regulation and advocacy can affect health and communities affected by:

Climate change

All of these.

Environmental exposures

Natural disasters

Question 35

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following statements is true regarding the built environment?

None of these is an accurate representation of the built environment to health.

There is no relationship between physical activity and the built environment.

The built environment can increase the level of disadvantage in a community.

High resourced individuals are more likely to live near environmental hazards.

All of these.

Question 36

1 / 1 pts

Our relationships with others can enhance or harm our health.

True

False

Question 37

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following can best be thought of as a process of marginalization?

All of these.

social anxiety

social networking

social exclusion

social support

Question 38

1 / 1 pts

Communities where lost items are more likely to be returned to their owners, which also correlates to better health outcomes are said to be high in:

All of these.

Self-esteem.

Material well-being.

Social cohesion.

Contact transfer effects.

Question 39

1 / 1 pts

It is an innate need to be connected with and interact with other human beings.

True

False

Question 40

1 / 1 pts

Social exclusion results from all of the following except:

racism

discrimination

literary abscondment

All of these contribute to social exclusion.

unemployment

Question 41

1 / 1 pts

According to the text, better nutrition is to found in:

diet diversity.

cleanses the alter the microbiome.

packaged foods that are ready to eat.

access to wonder foods, such as fish oil and kale.

Question 42

1 / 1 pts

Obesity follows the typical health gradient, like many other health attributes, the lower the income and educational level the higher the probability of becoming obese. This is particularly true among:

Young people

Women

Men

People of European descent.

Question 43

1 / 1 pts

Food insecurity has been associated with:

Diabetes and depression.

Being lean.

All of these.

Increased school readiness.

Question 44

1 / 1 pts

According to the text, surcharges on food deemed to be unhealthy:

Have consistently demonstrated effective responses to childhood obesity, but not adult obesity.

Have made most populations healthier.

None of these.

Have effectively addressed the obesity epidemic for poorer populations.

Question 45

1 / 1 pts

A healthy diet is:

Uniform

Varied

All of these.

Convenience food centered.

Question 46

1 / 1 pts

Culture is the melding of pabulum, inequity and habit.

True

False

Question 47

1 / 1 pts

Culture is not unique to humans, certain types of animals, exhibit cultural traits.

True

False

Question 48

1 / 1 pts

Which of the following is a definition or characteristic of culture?

Culture is….

Mainly relevant only to diet and physical activity.

Innate.

Connected to parlous outcomes.

None of these.

Selected physical characteristics.

Question 49

1 / 1 pts

Socialization is:

The way people decide to develop their human potential and improve themselves.

All of these are components of socialization.

the recognition that information is available via others.

the way that human beings learn to function in society .

the process by which children choose to become acculturated.

Question 50

1 / 1 pts

Human behavior is influenced by social context.

True

False

Quiz Score: 49 out of 50

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