PSY 201 FINAL EXAM SNHU

1. Which one of the following ways of learning an applied skill is most consistent with a constructivist approach?
   • Use realistic materials and a group format to provide support for individuals. Correct Answer
2. Which one of the following elements does NOT define a true cooperative learning group?
   • Homogeneous grouping Correct Answer
3. In using cooperative learning, it is recommended that teachers:
   • Use the assignment of roles as a way to encourage participation. Correct Answer
4. Which one of the following statements is an assumption of the learning sciences?
   • Learning is more than receiving information from teachers and texts. Correct Answer
5. In a cooperative learning situation, the role of the encourager is to:
   • Encourage all students to participate. Correct Answer
6. The five elements of cooperative learning listed by David and Roger Johnson (1994) include positive interdependence, individual accountability, group processing, collaborative skills, and:
   • Face-to-face interactions. Correct Answer
7. The following statement is true about the relation between self-efficacy and self-esteem:
   • There appears to be no direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem. Correct Answer
8. Woolfolk suggests the following strategy for teachers in an effort to involve parents in supporting self-regulation within their child:
   • Ask families to keep records in support of the students' self-evaluation of progress. Correct Answer
9. Ms. Jackson’s perception of her capabilities to effectively deal with a particular task is her sense of:
   • Self-efficacy. Correct Answer
10. When failure does occur, self-regulated learners are LESS likely to:
    • Get defensive. Correct Answer
11. According to Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory, peers:
    • Can serve as important models and facilitate student learning. Correct Answer
12. Erin is a fifth-grade teacher who has a high degree of efficacy in teaching. Consequently, Erin will most likely:
    • Try harder when students have learning difficulties. Correct Answer
13. Externally imposed reward systems seem particularly appropriate for students who are:
    • Not interested in the subject. Correct Answer
14. On Sunday afternoon, Rick spent a couple of hours picking up discarded bottles and cans from a picturesque section of the wildlife refuge, even though he knew he would not get paid anything for his efforts. Rick’s motivation is best described as being:
    • Intrinsic. Correct Answer
15. Students who are mastery-oriented will tend to hold what view of their ability?
    • Incremental and improvable Correct Answer
16. The type of learning goal that a person will be most motivated to reach is one that is:
    • Specific and moderately difficult. Correct Answer
17. Which one of the following statements is the most accurate definition of motivation?
    • An inner state that arouses, directs, and maintains a person’s behavior. Correct Answer
18. In Maslow’s hierarchy, self-esteem is considered to be what type of need?
    • Deficiency Correct Answer
19. Doug’s family is very poor, so he often goes to school with no breakfast and a very small lunch packet. According to Maslow, Doug is failing his classes because what type of needs are not being met?
    • Deficiency needs Correct Answer
20. Anthony said, “I did well because I was lucky.” The type of attribution being demonstrated is:
    • External-unstable. Correct Answer
21. According to attribution theory, students who see the causes of their failures as internal and controllable will react to those failures by:
    • Finding strategies to succeed the next time. Correct Answer
22. Ms. Riley tells the class, “If we have a good lesson on fractions, I will credit each of you with a bonus point.” She is trying to stimulate what type of motivation?
    • Extrinsic Correct Answer
23. Classrooms contain many different people with differing values, attitudes, and goals. This is why classrooms are said by Doyle to be:
    • Multidimensional. Correct Answer
24. What is the purpose of the paraphrase rule?
    • To clarify understanding Correct Answer
25. Mr. Crain experiences a discipline problem with Joe. In imposing penalties, Mr. Crain should:
    • Re-establish a positive relationship with Joe as quickly as possible. Correct Answer
26. Time when students are actually succeeding at the learning task is referred to as:
    • Academic learning time. Correct Answer
27. Approximately what percentage of a student’s time in school is devoted to meaningful, appropriate learning tasks?
    • 33 percent Correct Answer
28. According to Woolfolk, one of the best ways to avoid discipline problems is to:
    • Keep the group focused on productive learning. Correct Answer
29. Weinstein and Mignano found that expert teachers primarily used detention to:
    • Talk privately with the student about why the particular misbehavior occurred. Correct Answer
30. Which one of the following statements is TRUE with regard to instructional planning?
    • It is more critical at the beginning of the year for teachers than at any other time. Correct Answer
31. In Pianta’s three aspects of classroom climate, teacher sensitivity is a component of the ________ dimension.
    • Affective Correct Answer
32. Ms. Smith would like to measure her first graders' mastery of their personal information (address, phone number, spelling of name). What level of Bloom’s taxonomy do her questions illustrate?
    • Knowledge Correct Answer
33. Which one of the following strategies is appropriate regarding the use of seatwork?
    • Seatwork should be counted as part of the course grade. Correct Answer
34. High-ability students generally appear most likely to benefit from:
    • A mixture of factual and higher-level questions. Correct Answer
35. For evaluating a student’s achievement in psychomotor skills, the most appropriate instrument would typically be a(n):
    • Checklist or rating scale. Correct Answer
36. Whitney presents and defends her personal views on the desirability of having the current president nominate Supreme Court Justices. What level of thinking in Bloom’s taxonomy is illustrated by Whitney’s task?
    • Evaluation Correct Answer
37. A frequent criticism of seatwork as a classroom learning strategy is that it:
    • Is often overused. Correct Answer
38. Woolfolk suggests that advanced planning is important primarily because such planning:
    • Influences what students will learn. Correct Answer
39. The most important use of essay tests is to:
    • Measure complex learning outcomes. Correct Answer
40. Criterion-referenced tests are used primarily to assess:
    • Mastery of specific objectives. Correct Answer
41. What type of test would provide the most useful information for the following question: “Are students making satisfactory progress in learning the metric system?”
    • Formative Correct Answer
42. Which one of the following situations requires a norm-referenced evaluation?
    • Hiring one manager from a pool of ten applicants for a large department store Correct Answer
43. Which one of the following strategies does NOT tend to increase the reliability of essay test grades?
    • Grade all essay items for each student in turn based on a pre-established point system. Correct Answer
44. The key feature of authentic assessments is:
    • Testing in a realistic context. Correct Answer
45. With regard to the practice of retaining or “holding back” students with failing grades, Woolfolk’s general recommendation is that:
    • Students should be promoted with their peers but provided with extra help in the summer or the next year. Correct Answer
46. Which one of the following sources would be the LEAST likely product to be found in a student’s portfolio?
    • Standardized test results Correct Answer
47. A major difference between formative and summative tests is the:
    • Interpretation of the test data. Correct Answer
48. What strategy is recommended instead of assigning a failing grade to students' poor work?
    • Give students support in revising the work. Correct Answer
49. Which one of the following student outcomes is MOST likely to be the result of a criterion-referenced assessment tool?
    • Ben answered 10 out of 12 questions correctly. Correct Answer
50. The most defensible practice for scoring essay tests is to evaluate:
    • Each one of the items for all students with reference to its respective model answers. Correct Answer